Phase Transitions in Two‐dimensional Adlayers at Electrode Surfaces: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Structural Aspects

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The sections in this article are</jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Thermodynamic Aspects</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Phase Transitions and Order Parameter</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Adsorption Isotherms and Lateral Interactions</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Kinetics of 2<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">D</jats:styled-content>Phase Formation and Dissolution</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Diffusion, Adsorption, Autocatalysis</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Nucleation</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Growth</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Coupling of Nucleation and Growth</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Dissolution of 2<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">D</jats:styled-content>Condensed Monolayers</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Examples</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Phase Transitions in Anionic Adlayers</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Phase Formation in Halide Adlayers</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Phase Transitions in Adlayers of Oxoanions</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Phase Transitions in<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">UPD</jats:styled-content>—Adlayers</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Underpotential Deposition of Copper Ions on<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Au</jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">hkl</jats:styled-content>)</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Underpotential Deposition of Copper Ions on<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Pt</jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">hkl</jats:styled-content>)</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Underpotential Deposition of Lead on<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Ag</jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">hkl</jats:styled-content>)</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Phase Transitions in Organic Monolayers</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>General Aspects</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Thermodynamic Aspects</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Kinetic Aspects</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Study I—Coumarin at the Mercury–Aqueous Electrolyte Interface</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Study<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">III</jats:styled-content>—2,2<jats:sup>′</jats:sup>‐Bipyridine (2,2<jats:sup>′</jats:sup>‐<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BP</jats:styled-content>) on<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Au</jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">hkl</jats:styled-content>)</jats:title></jats:sec></jats:sec></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Outlook</jats:title></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Acknowledgment</jats:title></jats:sec>