Climate Process Team on Internal Wave–Driven Ocean Mixing

  • Jennifer A. MacKinnon
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California
  • Zhongxiang Zhao
    Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  • Caitlin B. Whalen
    Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  • Amy F. Waterhouse
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California
  • David S. Trossman
    Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Greenbelt, and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
  • Oliver M. Sun
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  • Louis C. St. Laurent
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  • Harper L. Simmons
    University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska
  • Kurt Polzin
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  • Robert Pinkel
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California
  • Andrew Pickering
    Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
  • Nancy J. Norton
    National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado
  • Jonathan D. Nash
    Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
  • Ruth Musgrave
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  • Lynne M. Merchant
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California
  • Angelique V. Melet
    Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, and Mercator Ocean, Ramonville St. Agne, France
  • Benjamin Mater
    Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
  • Sonya Legg
    Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
  • William G. Large
    National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado
  • Eric Kunze
    Northwest Research Associates, Seattle, Washington
  • Jody M. Klymak
    University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
  • Markus Jochum
    Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • Steven R. Jayne
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  • Robert W. Hallberg
    NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
  • Stephen M. Griffies
    NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
  • Steve Diggs
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California
  • Gokhan Danabasoglu
    National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado
  • Eric P. Chassignet
    Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
  • Maarten C. Buijsman
    The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, and Division of Marine Science, John C. Stennis Space Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
  • Frank O. Bryan
    National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado
  • Bruce P. Briegleb
    National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado
  • Andrew Barna
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California
  • Brian K. Arbic
    Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
  • Joseph K. Ansong
    Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
  • Matthew H. Alford
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Diapycnal mixing plays a primary role in the thermodynamic balance of the ocean and, consequently, in oceanic heat and carbon uptake and storage. Though observed mixing rates are on average consistent with values required by inverse models, recent attention has focused on the dramatic spatial variability, spanning several orders of magnitude, of mixing rates in both the upper and deep ocean. Away from ocean boundaries, the spatiotemporal patterns of mixing are largely driven by the geography of generation, propagation, and dissipation of internal waves, which supply much of the power for turbulent mixing. Over the last 5 years and under the auspices of U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR), a National Science Foundation (NSF)- and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-supported Climate Process Team has been engaged in developing, implementing, and testing dynamics-based parameterizations for internal wave–driven turbulent mixing in global ocean models. The work has primarily focused on turbulence 1) near sites of internal tide generation, 2) in the upper ocean related to wind-generated near inertial motions, 3) due to internal lee waves generated by low-frequency mesoscale flows over topography, and 4) at ocean margins. Here, we review recent progress, describe the tools developed, and discuss future directions.</jats:p>

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