Effects of photostimulation, castration, and testosterone replacement on daily patterns of calling and locomotor activity in Japanese quail

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Abstract To record calling (crowing) of Japanese quail continuously and automatically, an electronic device was developed. With this device, one call by Japanese quail triggers a pen deflection on a event recorder and also a count on a counter. Locomotor activity was also recorded automatically on the event recorder and the counter. Photostimulation induced calling and enhancement of activity in intact quails, and castration abolished calling and reduced locomotor activity. Silastic capsule implants containing testosterone restored both behaviors to the precastration levels in a week or so. There were daily rhythms of calling and locomotor activity in fully matured birds. These patterns also reappeared in testosterone-implanted birds, even though the release rate of the steroid hormone from the implanted capsules was expected to be constant. These results indicate that testosterone is required to induce calling and enhancement of locomotor activity and that a circadian oscillatory mechanism is possibly involved in daily rhythms of the behaviors.

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