Designing forest biodiversity experiments: general considerations illustrated by a new large experiment in subtropical<scp>C</scp>hina
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- Helge Bruelheide
- Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle (Saale) Germany
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- Karin Nadrowski
- University of Leipzig Johannisallee 21–23 D‐04103 Leipzig Germany
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- Thorsten Assmann
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg Scharnhorststr. 1 D‐21332 Lüneburg Germany
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- Jürgen Bauhus
- University of Freiburg Tennenbacherstr. 4 D‐79106 Freiburg Germany
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- Sabine Both
- Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle (Saale) Germany
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- François Buscot
- iDiv – German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Deutscher Platz 5e D‐04103 Leipzig Germany
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- Xiao‐Yong Chen
- East China Normal University Shanghai 3663 Zhongshan North Road Shanghai 200062 China
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- Bingyang Ding
- Wenzhou University Zhejiang China
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- Walter Durka
- iDiv – German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Deutscher Platz 5e D‐04103 Leipzig Germany
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- Alexandra Erfmeier
- Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle (Saale) Germany
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- Jessica L. M. Gutknecht
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Str. 4 D‐06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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- Dali Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS 11A Datun Road Beijing 100101 China
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- Liang‐Dong Guo
- Institute of Microbiology CAS 3‐1 Beichen Western Road Beijing 100101 China
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- Werner Härdtle
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg Scharnhorststr. 1 D‐21332 Lüneburg Germany
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- Jin‐Sheng He
- Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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- Alexandra‐Maria Klein
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg Scharnhorststr. 1 D‐21332 Lüneburg Germany
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- Peter Kühn
- University of Tübingen Rümelinstraße 19‐23 D‐72074 Tübingen Germany
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- Yu Liang
- Institute of Botany CAS 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan Beijing 100093 China
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- Xiaojuan Liu
- Institute of Botany CAS 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan Beijing 100093 China
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- Stefan Michalski
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Str. 4 D‐06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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- Pascal A. Niklaus
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
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- Kequan Pei
- Institute of Botany CAS 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan Beijing 100093 China
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- Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen
- University of Freiburg Tennenbacherstr. 4 D‐79106 Freiburg Germany
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- Thomas Scholten
- University of Tübingen Rümelinstraße 19‐23 D‐72074 Tübingen Germany
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- Andreas Schuldt
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg Scharnhorststr. 1 D‐21332 Lüneburg Germany
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- Gunnar Seidler
- Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle (Saale) Germany
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- Stefan Trogisch
- Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle (Saale) Germany
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- Goddert von Oheimb
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg Scharnhorststr. 1 D‐21332 Lüneburg Germany
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- Erik Welk
- Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle (Saale) Germany
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- Christian Wirth
- iDiv – German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Deutscher Platz 5e D‐04103 Leipzig Germany
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- Tesfaye Wubet
- iDiv – German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Deutscher Platz 5e D‐04103 Leipzig Germany
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- Xuefei Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany CAS 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650204 China
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- Mingjian Yu
- Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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- Shouren Zhang
- Institute of Botany CAS 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan Beijing 100093 China
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- Hongzhang Zhou
- Institute of Zoology CAS 1 Beichen West Road Beijing 100101 China
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- Markus Fischer
- University of Bern Altenbergrain 21 CH‐3013 Bern Switzerland
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- Keping Ma
- Institute of Botany CAS 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan Beijing 100093 China
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- Bernhard Schmid
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
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- Helene Muller‐Landau
- editor
Description
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list><jats:list-item><jats:p>Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BEF</jats:styled-content>) experiments address ecosystem‐level consequences of species loss by comparing communities of high species richness with communities from which species have been gradually eliminated.<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BEF</jats:styled-content>experiments originally started with microcosms in the laboratory and with grassland ecosystems. A new frontier in experimental<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BEF</jats:styled-content>research is manipulating tree diversity in forest ecosystems, compelling researchers to think big and comprehensively.</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>We present and discuss some of the major issues to be considered in the design of<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BEF</jats:styled-content>experiments with trees and illustrate these with a new forest biodiversity experiment established in subtropical<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>hina (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>ingangshan,<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">J</jats:styled-content>iangxi<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">P</jats:styled-content>rovince) in 2009/2010. Using a pool of 40 tree species, extinction scenarios were simulated with tree richness levels of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 species on a total of 566 plots of 25·8 × 25·8 m each.</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>The goal of this experiment is to estimate effects of tree and shrub species richness on carbon storage and soil erosion; therefore, the experiment was established on sloped terrain. The following important design choices were made: (i) establishing many small rather than fewer larger plots, (ii) using high planting density and random mixing of species rather than lower planting density and patchwise mixing of species, (iii) establishing a map of the initial ‘ecoscape’ to characterize site heterogeneity before the onset of biodiversity effects and (iv) manipulating tree species richness not only in random but also in trait‐oriented extinction scenarios.</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Data management and analysis are particularly challenging in<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BEF</jats:styled-content>experiments with their hierarchical designs nesting individuals within‐species populations within plots within‐species compositions. Statistical analysis best proceeds by partitioning these random terms into fixed‐term contrasts, for example, species composition into contrasts for species richness and the presence of particular functional groups, which can then be tested against the remaining random variation among compositions.</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>We conclude that forest<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BEF</jats:styled-content>experiments provide exciting and timely research options. They especially require careful thinking to allow multiple disciplines to measure and analyse data jointly and effectively. Achieving specific research goals and synergy with previous experiments involves trade‐offs between different designs and requires manifold design decisions.</jats:p></jats:list-item></jats:list></jats:p>
Journal
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- Methods in Ecology and Evolution
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Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5 (1), 74-89, 2013-11-22
Wiley
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Details 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1360011144570387200
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- ISSN
- 2041210X
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- Data Source
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- Crossref