Plant stem cells and <i>de novo</i> organogenesis

<jats:sec><jats:label /><jats:p> <jats:table-wrap position="anchor"> <jats:table frame="hsides"> <jats:col /> <jats:col /> <jats:col /> <jats:thead> <jats:tr> <jats:th>Contents</jats:th> </jats:tr> </jats:thead> <jats:tbody> <jats:tr> <jats:td /> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-sec-1001">Summary</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1334</jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td>I.</jats:td> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-sec-0002">Introduction</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1334</jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td>II.</jats:td> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-sec-0003">Regeneration‐initial cell: the origin of regeneration</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1335</jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td>III.</jats:td> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-sec-0004">Acquiring regeneration competency: the essential intermediate step for hormone‐induced regeneration</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1335</jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td>IV.</jats:td> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-sec-0005">Hormonal induction of stem cell regulators: the program for <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> establishment of apical meristems</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1337</jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td>V.</jats:td> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-sec-0006">Conclusions and perspectives</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1337</jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td /> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-sec-0007">Acknowledgements</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1338</jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td /> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-sec-0008">Author contributions</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1338</jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td /> <jats:td><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#nph15106-bibl-0001">References</jats:ext-link></jats:td> <jats:td>1338</jats:td> </jats:tr> </jats:tbody> </jats:table> </jats:table-wrap> </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>High cellular plasticity confers remarkable regeneration capacity to plants. Based on the activity of stem cells and their regulators, higher plants are capable of regenerating new individuals. <jats:italic>De novo</jats:italic> organogenesis exemplifies the regeneration of the whole plant body and is exploited widely in agriculture and biotechnology. In this Tansley insight article, we summarize recent advances that facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> organogenesis. According to our current knowledge, this process can be divided into three steps, including activation of regeneration‐initial cells, acquisition of competency and <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> establishment of apical meristems. The functions of stem cells and their regulators are critical to <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> organogenesis, whereas auxin and cytokinin act as triggers and linkers between different steps.</jats:p></jats:sec>