Periconceptional environment and the developmental origins of disease

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  • Miguel A Velazquez
    1School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
  • Tom P Fleming
    2Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
  • Adam J Watkins
    3Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

説明

<jats:p>The concept emerging from Professor David Barker’s seminal research on the developmental origins of later-life disease has progressed in many directions since it was first published. One critical question being<jats:italic>when</jats:italic>during gestation might environment alter the developmental programme with such enduring consequences. Here, we review the growing consensus from clinical and animal research that the period around conception, embracing gamete maturation and early embryogenesis might be the most vulnerable period. We focus on four types of environmental exposure shown to modify periconceptional reproduction and offspring development and health: maternal overnutrition and obesity; maternal undernutrition; paternal diet and health; and assisted reproductive technology. These conditions may act through diverse epigenetic, cellular and physiological mechanisms to alter gene expression and cellular signalling and function in the conceptus affecting offspring growth and metabolism leading to increased risk for cardiometabolic and neurological disease in later life.</jats:p>

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