The bryophytes <i>Physcomitrium patens</i> and <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i> as model systems for studying evolutionary cell and developmental biology in plants

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  • Satoshi Naramoto
    Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
  • Yuki Hata
    Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
  • Tomomichi Fujita
    Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
  • Junko Kyozuka
    Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Bryophytes are nonvascular spore-forming plants. Unlike in flowering plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes dominates the sporophyte (diploid) generation. A comparison of bryophytes with flowering plants allows us to answer some fundamental questions raised in evolutionary cell and developmental biology. The moss Physcomitrium patens was the first bryophyte with a sequenced genome. Many cell and developmental studies have been conducted in this species using gene targeting by homologous recombination. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has recently emerged as an excellent model system with low genomic redundancy in most of its regulatory pathways. With the development of molecular genetic tools such as efficient genome editing, both P. patens and M. polymorpha have provided many valuable insights. Here, we review these advances with a special focus on polarity formation at the cell and tissue levels. We examine current knowledge regarding the cellular mechanisms of polarized cell elongation and cell division, including symmetric and asymmetric cell division. We also examine the role of polar auxin transport in mosses and liverworts. Finally, we discuss the future of evolutionary cell and developmental biological studies in plants.</jats:p>

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  • The Plant Cell

    The Plant Cell 34 (1), 228-246, 2021-08-30

    Oxford University Press (OUP)

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