Anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness disrupts auditory responses beyond primary cortex

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  • Aaron J. Krom
    Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
  • Amit Marmelshtein
    Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
  • Hagar Gelbard-Sagiv
    Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
  • Ariel Tankus
    Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
  • Hanna Hayat
    Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
  • Daniel Hayat
    Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
  • Idit Matot
    Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
  • Ido Strauss
    Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel;
  • Firas Fahoum
    Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
  • Martin Soehle
    Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
  • Jan Boström
    Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
  • Florian Mormann
    Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
  • Itzhak Fried
    Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel;
  • Yuval Nir
    Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;

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<jats:title>Significance</jats:title> <jats:p>We studied how anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness (LOC) affects processing of external sensory events at single-neuron resolution in epilepsy patients implanted with depth electrodes for clinical treatment. Just before electrode removal, patients were lightly anesthetized with propofol while we presented sounds around LOC. We found that auditory responses were widespread across the brain during wakefulness. Upon LOC, robust responses persisted in primary auditory cortex while responses in high-order auditory regions were mostly attenuated. In addition, gamma power responses in local field potentials strengthened upon LOC, in contrast to spiking activities. The disruption in sensory signaling beyond primary cortices highlights impaired cortical connectivity as a key factor in LOC and may guide future development of anesthesia monitors and anesthetic agents.</jats:p>

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