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Rare‐Earth Metal Ions Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Near‐IR In Vitro/In Vivo/Ex Vivo Imaging Applications
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- Md. Tanvir Hasan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas Christian University TCU Box 298840 Fort Worth TX 76129 USA
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- Roberto Gonzalez‐Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas Christian University TCU Box 298840 Fort Worth TX 76129 USA
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- Ching‐Wei Lin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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- Elizabeth Campbell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas Christian University TCU Box 298840 Fort Worth TX 76129 USA
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- Satvik Vasireddy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas Christian University TCU Box 298840 Fort Worth TX 76129 USA
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- Uyanga Tsedev
- Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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- Angela M. Belcher
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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- Anton V. Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas Christian University TCU Box 298840 Fort Worth TX 76129 USA
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Description
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Near‐infrared (NIR) emitting biocompatible nanomaterials are desired in biotechnology as higher penetration depth fluorescence imaging probes. In this work, novel NIR‐emissive Nd<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>‐doped or Tm<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>‐doped biocompatible graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are developed via scalable, single‐step bottom‐up synthesis. Water‐soluble Nd‐GQDs/Tm‐GQDs with average diameters of 5.6–8.2 nm possess crystalline graphene lattice with <jats:bold><</jats:bold>1 atomic percent of Nd/Tm and exhibit NIR fluorescence at <jats:bold>≈</jats:bold>1060/<jats:bold>≈</jats:bold>925 nm attributed to the intrinsic transitions of Nd<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>/Tm<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>. High biocompatibility with <jats:bold>></jats:bold>80% cell viability at 1 mg mL<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> for Nd‐GQDs and 0.25 mg mL<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> for Tm‐GQDs makes them well‐suited for bioimaging. In vitro, both GQD types exhibit efficient internalization with their intracellular emission maximized at 6 h. The pH‐dependence of this emission can serve as plethora of diagnostic applications. GQDs enable in vivo NIR imaging in live sedated NCr nude mice with IV administration: their NIR emission maximized at 6 h post‐injection is primarily detected in intestine, kidneys, liver, and spleen, however, diminishing to none at 48 h. Ex vivo organ/slice imaging shows significant Tm‐GQD fluorescence signatures in the aforementioned organs/slices. This capability of NIR fluorescence imaging in cells, tissues, and real‐time detection in live animals makes biocompatible rare‐earth metal‐doped GQDs an attractive new candidate for in vitro/in vivo/ex vivo theranostics.</jats:p>
Journal
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- Advanced Optical Materials
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Advanced Optical Materials 8 (21), 2020-08-16
Wiley
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Details 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1360013172425694592
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- ISSN
- 21951071
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- Data Source
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- Crossref