Cafeteria diet induces neuroplastic modifications in the nucleus accumbens mediated by microglia activation

  • Miriam Gutiérrez‐Martos
    Laboratory of Neuropharmacology (DCEXS) Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona/Universitat Pompeu Fabra (PRBB/UPF) Spain
  • Benoit Girard
    Pathophysiology of Synaptic Transmission Laboratory Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle France
  • Sueli Mendonça‐Netto
    Laboratory of Neuropharmacology (DCEXS) Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona/Universitat Pompeu Fabra (PRBB/UPF) Spain
  • Julie Perroy
    Pathophysiology of Synaptic Transmission Laboratory Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle France
  • Emmanuel Valjent
    Inserm U1191, CNRS UMR5203, Laboratory of Neural Circuit and Signal Transduction University Montpellier France
  • Rafael Maldonado
    Laboratory of Neuropharmacology (DCEXS) Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona/Universitat Pompeu Fabra (PRBB/UPF) Spain
  • Miquel Martin
    Laboratory of Neuropharmacology (DCEXS) Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona/Universitat Pompeu Fabra (PRBB/UPF) Spain

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>High‐palatable and caloric foods are widely overconsumed due to hedonic mechanisms that prevail over caloric necessities leading to overeating and overweight. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain area modulating the reinforcing effects of palatable foods and is crucially involved in the development of eating disorders. We describe that prolonged exposure to high‐caloric chocolate cafeteria diet leads to overeating and overweight in mice. NAc functionality was altered in these mice, presenting structural plasticity modifications in medium spiny neurons, increased expression of neuroinflammatory factors and activated microglia, and abnormal responses after amphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion. Chronic inactivation of microglia normalized these neurobiological and behavioural alterations exclusively in mice exposed to cafeteria diet. Our data suggest that prolonged exposure to cafeteria diet produces neuroplastic and functional changes in the NAc that can modify feeding behaviour. Microglia activation and neuroinflammation play an important role in the development of these neurobiological alterations.</jats:p>

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