Collagen biology and non‐invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis

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  • Morten A. Karsdal
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Samuel J. Daniels
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Signe Holm Nielsen
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Cecilie Bager
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Daniel G.K. Rasmussen
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Rohit Loomba
    Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Epidemiology NAFLD Research Center University of California San Diego CA USA
  • Rambabu Surabattula
    Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Epidemiology NAFLD Research Center University of California San Diego CA USA
  • Ida Falk Villesen
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Yi Luo
    Innovative Medicine Bristol Myers‐Squibb Princeton NJ USA
  • Diane Shevell
    Innovative Medicine Bristol Myers‐Squibb Princeton NJ USA
  • Natasja S. Gudmann
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Mette J. Nielsen
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Jacob George
    Storr Liver Centre The Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
  • Rose Christian
    Innovative Medicine Bristol Myers‐Squibb Princeton NJ USA
  • Diana J. Leeming
    Nordic Bioscience Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research Herlev Denmark
  • Detlef Schuppan
    Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>There is an unmet need for high‐quality liquid biomarkers that can safely and reproducibly predict the stage of fibrosis and the outcomes of chronic liver disease (CLD). The requirement for such markers has intensified because of the high global prevalence of diseases such as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In particular, there is a need for diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as predictive biomarkers that reflect the efficacy of interventions, as described by the BEST criteria (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools Resource). This review covers the various liver collagens, their functional role in tissue homeostasis and delineates the common nomenclature for biomarkers based on BEST criteria. It addresses the common confounders affecting serological biomarkers, and describes defined collagen epitope biomarkers that originate from the dynamic processes of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling during liver injury.</jats:p>

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