Long‐term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six European cohorts
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- Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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- Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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- Amar J. Mehta
- Statistics Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
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- Shuo Liu
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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- Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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- Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
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- Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre Copenhagen Denmark
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- Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School Athens Greece
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- Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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- Jochem O. Klompmaker
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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- Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School Athens Greece
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- Ole Raaschou‐Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre Copenhagen Denmark
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- Richard Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute and MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health St George's, University of London London UK
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- Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
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- Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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- Marie‐Christine Boutron‐Ruault
- CESP, UMR 1018 Universit'e Paris‐Saclay, Inserm, Gustave Roussy Villejuif France
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- Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
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- Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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- Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1 Rome Italy
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- Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine Bregenz Austria
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- Francesco Forastiere
- Environmental Research Group School of Public Health, Imperial College London UK
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- Carla H. van Gils
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
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- John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
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- Ole Hertel
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
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- Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty Heinrich‐Heine‐University Dusseldorf Germany
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- Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland
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- Nicole Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands
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- Youn‐hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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- Rudi Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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- Jeanette T. Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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- Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School Athens Greece
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- Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
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- Anton Lager
- Department of Global Public Health Karolinksa Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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- Alois Lang
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine Bregenz Austria
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- Petter L. Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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- Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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- Gabriele Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine Bregenz Austria
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- Mette K. Simonsen
- Department of Neurology and Parker Institute Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
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- Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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- Raphael S. Peter
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm University Ulm Germany
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- Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
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- Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1 Rome Italy
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- Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University and The Stockholm Gerontology Research Center Stockholm Sweden
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- Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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- Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland
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- Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm University Ulm Germany
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- Gianluca Severi
- CESP, UMR 1018 Universit'e Paris‐Saclay, Inserm, Gustave Roussy Villejuif France
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- Daniela Fecht
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK
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- Anne Tjønneland
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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- Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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- Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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- Zorana J. Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
抄録
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the “Effects of low‐level air pollution: A study in Europe” (ELAPSE) project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to 2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM<jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub>), black carbon (BC), warm‐season ozone (O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>), and eight elemental components of PM<jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub> (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, and potassium) were estimated by European‐wide hybrid land‐use regression models at participants' residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders. Of 330 064 cancer‐free adults at baseline, 512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow‐up of 18.1 years. We observed positive linear associations between NO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02‐1.35 per 10 μg/m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>), PM<jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub> (1.12, 0.92‐1.36 per 5 μg/m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>), and BC (1.15, 1.00‐1.33 per 0.5 10<jats:sup>−5</jats:sup>/m) and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and BC persisted in two‐pollutant models with PM<jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub>. Most components of PM<jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub> were associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment for PM<jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub> or NO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current EU standards.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- International Journal of Cancer
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International Journal of Cancer 149 (11), 1887-1897, 2021-08-14
Wiley