Trichoderma: A Treasure House of Structurally Diverse Secondary Metabolites With Medicinal Importance

<jats:p>Fungi play an irreplaceable role in drug discovery in the course of human history, as they possess unique abilities to synthesize diverse specialized metabolites with significant medicinal potential. <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> are well-studied filamentous fungi generally observed in nature, which are widely marketed as biocontrol agents. The secondary metabolites produced by <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> have gained extensive attention since they possess attractive chemical structures with remarkable biological activities. A large number of metabolites have been isolated from <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> species in recent years. A previous review by Reino et al. summarized 186 compounds isolated from <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> as well as their biological activities up to 2008. To update the relevant list of reviews of secondary metabolites produced from <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> sp., we provide a comprehensive overview in regard to the newly described metabolites of <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> from the beginning of 2009 to the end of 2020, with emphasis on their chemistry and various bioactivities. A total of 203 compounds with considerable bioactivities are included in this review, which is worth expecting for the discovery of new drug leads and agrochemicals in the foreseeable future. Moreover, new strategies for discovering secondary metabolites of <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> in recent years are also discussed herein.</jats:p>