An infrared spectroscopic approach to characterise white powders, easily applicable in the context of drug checking, drug prevention and on‐site analysis

  • Eric Deconinck
    Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products Sciensano Brussels Belgium
  • Camille Aït‐Kaci
    Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products Sciensano Brussels Belgium
  • Andries Raes
    Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products Sciensano Brussels Belgium
  • Michaël Canfyn
    Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products Sciensano Brussels Belgium
  • Jean‐Luc Bothy
    Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products Sciensano Brussels Belgium
  • Céline Duchateau
    Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products Sciensano Brussels Belgium
  • Corenthin Mees
    RD3 Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy Université Libre de Bruxelles Campus de la Plaine Brussels Belgium
  • Kris De Braekeleer
    RD3 Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy Université Libre de Bruxelles Campus de la Plaine Brussels Belgium
  • Lies Gremaux
    Scientific Direction Epidemiology and Public Health, Section Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases Sciensano Brussels Belgium
  • Peter Blanckaert
    Scientific Direction Epidemiology and Public Health, Section Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases Sciensano Brussels Belgium

抄録

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>More and more events, such as the summer music festivals, are considering the possibilities for implementing on‐site testing of psychoactive drugs in the context of prevention and harm reduction. Although the on‐site identification is already implemented by plenty of drug checking services, the required rapid quantitative dosing of the composition of illicit substances is still a missing aspect for a successful harm reduction strategy at events. In this paper, an approach is presented to identify white powders as amphetamine, cocaine, ketamine or others and to estimate the purity of the amphetamine, cocaine and ketamine samples using spectroscopic techniques hyphenated with partial least squares (PLS) modelling. For identification purposes, it was observed that mid‐infrared spectroscopy hyphenated with PLS‐discriminant analysis allowed the distinction between amphetamine, cocaine, ketamine and other samples and this with a correct classification rate of 93.1% for an external test set. For quantitative estimation, near‐infrared spectroscopy was more performant and allowed the estimation of the dosage/purity of the amphetamine, cocaine and ketamine samples with an error of more or less 10% w/w. An easily applicable, practical and cost‐effective approach for on‐site characterisation of the majority of the psychoactive samples encountered in Belgian nightlife settings based on IR spectroscopy was proposed.</jats:p>

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