Estimated Global Proportions of Individuals With Persistent Fatigue, Cognitive, and Respiratory Symptom Clusters Following Symptomatic COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021
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- Sarah Wulf Hanson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Cristiana Abbafati
- Department of Juridical and Economic Studies, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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- Joachim G. Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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- Ziyad Al-Aly
- John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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- Charlie Ashbaugh
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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- Oleg Blyuss
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
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- Polina Bobkova
- Clinical Medicine (Pediatric Profile), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Gouke Bonsel
- EuroQol Research Foundation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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- Svetlana Borzakova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
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- Danilo Buonsenso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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- Denis Butnaru
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Austin Carter
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Helen Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Cristina De Rose
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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- Mohamed Mustafa Diab
- Center for Policy Impact in Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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- Emil Ekbom
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Maha El Tantawi
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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- Victor Fomin
- Rector’s Office, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Aysylu Gamirova
- Clinical Medicine (General Medicine Profile), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Petr V. Glybochko
- Administration Department, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Juanita A. Haagsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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- Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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- Erin B. Hamilton
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Gabrielle Harris
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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- Majanka H. Heijenbrok-Kal
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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- Raimund Helbok
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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- Merel E. Hellemons
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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- David Hillus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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- Susanne M. Huijts
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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- Michael Hultström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Waasila Jassat
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
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- Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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- Ing-Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Miklós Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Chelsea Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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- Callan D. Loflin
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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- Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Wenhui Mao
- Center for Policy Impact in Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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- Lyudmila Mazankova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow
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- Denise McCulloch
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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- Daniel Munblit
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Nikita A. Nekliudov
- Clinical Medicine (General Medicine Profile), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Osondu Ogbuoji
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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- Ismail M. Osmanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
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- José L. Peñalvo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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- Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
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- Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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- Mujibur Rahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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- Verena Rass
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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- Nickolas Reinig
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Gerard M. Ribbers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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- Antonia Ricchiuto
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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- Sten Rubertsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Elmira Samitova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow
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- Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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- Anastasia Shikhaleva
- Clinical Medicine (Pediatric Profile), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Kyle E. Simpson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Dario Sinatti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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- Joan B. Soriano
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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- Ekaterina Spiridonova
- Clinical Medicine (General Medicine Profile), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Fridolin Steinbeis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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- Andrey A. Svistunov
- Administration Department, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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- Piero Valentini
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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- Brittney J. van de Water
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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- Rita van den Berg-Emons
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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- Ewa Wallin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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- Yifan Wu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Hanzhang Xu
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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- Thomas Zoller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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- Christopher Adolph
- Department of Political Science, University of Washington, Seattle
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- James Albright
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Joanne O. Amlag
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Aleksandr Y. Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Bree L. Bang-Jensen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Catherine Bisignano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Rachel Castellano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Emma Castro
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Suman Chakrabarti
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- James K. Collins
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Xiaochen Dai
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Farah Daoud
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Carolyn Dapper
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Amanda Deen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Bruce B. Duncan
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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- Megan Erickson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Samuel B. Ewald
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Alize J. Ferrari
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Abraham D. Flaxman
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Nancy Fullman
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Amiran Gamkrelidze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
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- John R. Giles
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Gaorui Guo
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Simon I. Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Jiawei He
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Monika Helak
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Erin N. Hulland
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Maia Kereselidze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
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- Kris J. Krohn
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Alice Lazzar-Atwood
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Akiaja Lindstrom
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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- Rafael Lozano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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- Johan Månsson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Ana M. Mantilla Herrera
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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- Ali H. Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Lorenzo Monasta
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
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- Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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- Maja Pasovic
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- David M. Pigott
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Robert C. Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Grace Reinke
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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- Damian Francesco Santomauro
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Aleksei Sholokhov
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Emma Elizabeth Spurlock
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Rebecca Walcott
- Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Ally Walker
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town
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- Peng Zheng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Janet Prvu Bettger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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- Christopher J. L. Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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- Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Description
<jats:sec id="ab-joi220113-4"><jats:title>Importance</jats:title><jats:p>Some individuals experience persistent symptoms after initial symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (often referred to as Long COVID).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-joi220113-5"><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the proportion of males and females with COVID-19, younger or older than 20 years of age, who had Long COVID symptoms in 2020 and 2021 and their Long COVID symptom duration.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-joi220113-6"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants</jats:title><jats:p>Bayesian meta-regression and pooling of 54 studies and 2 medical record databases with data for 1.2 million individuals (from 22 countries) who had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 54 studies, 44 were published and 10 were collaborating cohorts (conducted in Austria, the Faroe Islands, Germany, Iran, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the US). The participant data were derived from the 44 published studies (10 501 hospitalized individuals and 42 891 nonhospitalized individuals), the 10 collaborating cohort studies (10 526 and 1906), and the 2 US electronic medical record databases (250 928 and 846 046). Data collection spanned March 2020 to January 2022.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-joi220113-7"><jats:title>Exposures</jats:title><jats:p>Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-joi220113-8"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures</jats:title><jats:p>Proportion of individuals with at least 1 of the 3 self-reported Long COVID symptom clusters (persistent fatigue with bodily pain or mood swings; cognitive problems; or ongoing respiratory problems) 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 and 2021, estimated separately for hospitalized and nonhospitalized individuals aged 20 years or older by sex and for both sexes of nonhospitalized individuals younger than 20 years of age.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-joi220113-9"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1.2 million individuals who had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection were included (mean age, 4-66 years; males, 26%-88%). In the modeled estimates, 6.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 2.4%-13.3%) of individuals who had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced at least 1 of the 3 Long COVID symptom clusters in 2020 and 2021, including 3.2% (95% UI, 0.6%-10.0%) for persistent fatigue with bodily pain or mood swings, 3.7% (95% UI, 0.9%-9.6%) for ongoing respiratory problems, and 2.2% (95% UI, 0.3%-7.6%) for cognitive problems after adjusting for health status before COVID-19, comprising an estimated 51.0% (95% UI, 16.9%-92.4%), 60.4% (95% UI, 18.9%-89.1%), and 35.4% (95% UI, 9.4%-75.1%), respectively, of Long COVID cases. The Long COVID symptom clusters were more common in women aged 20 years or older (10.6% [95% UI, 4.3%-22.2%]) 3 months after symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection than in men aged 20 years or older (5.4% [95% UI, 2.2%-11.7%]). Both sexes younger than 20 years of age were estimated to be affected in 2.8% (95% UI, 0.9%-7.0%) of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. The estimated mean Long COVID symptom cluster duration was 9.0 months (95% UI, 7.0-12.0 months) among hospitalized individuals and 4.0 months (95% UI, 3.6-4.6 months) among nonhospitalized individuals. Among individuals with Long COVID symptoms 3 months after symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, an estimated 15.1% (95% UI, 10.3%-21.1%) continued to experience symptoms at 12 months.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-joi220113-10"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance</jats:title><jats:p>This study presents modeled estimates of the proportion of individuals with at least 1 of 3 self-reported Long COVID symptom clusters (persistent fatigue with bodily pain or mood swings; cognitive problems; or ongoing respiratory problems) 3 months after symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.</jats:p></jats:sec>
Journal
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- JAMA
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JAMA 328 (16), 1604-, 2022-10-25
American Medical Association (AMA)
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Details 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1360016870444101632
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- ISSN
- 00987484
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- Data Source
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- Crossref