Radiation safety for cardiovascular computed tomography imaging in paediatric cardiology: a joint expert consensus document of the EACVI, ESCR, AEPC, and ESPR

  • Marco Francone
    Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University , Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan , Italy
  • Alessia Gimelli
    Imaging Department, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa , Italy
  • Ricardo P J Budde
    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
  • Pablo Caro-Dominguez
    Pediatric Radiology Unit, Department of Radiology Hospital, Universitario Virgen del Rocío , Sevilla , Spain
  • Andrew J Einstein
    Seymour, Paul and Gloria Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, NY , USA
  • Matthias Gutberlet
    Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
  • Pal Maurovich-Horvat
    Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
  • Owen Miller
    Evelina London Children’s Hospital , London , UK
  • Eszter Nagy
    Division of Paediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
  • Luigi Natale
    Radiological, Radiotherapic and Haematological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica S. Cuore Rome , Rome , Italy
  • Charles Peebles
    Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton , UK
  • Steffen E Petersen
    William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ , UK
  • Thomas Semple
    Department of Radiology, The Royal Brompton Hospital , Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP , UK
  • Israel Valverde
    Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University of Seville , Seville , Spain
  • Inga Voges
    Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany
  • Aurelio Secinaro
    Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
  • Giovanni Di Salvo
    Department of Woman and Child Health, Paediatric Research Institute, University of Padua , Padua , Italy

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Children with congenital and acquired heart disease may be exposed to relatively high lifetime cumulative doses of ionizing radiation from necessary medical invasive and non-invasive imaging procedures. Although these imaging procedures are all essential to the care of these complex paediatric population and have contributed to meaningfully improved outcomes in these patients, exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with potential risks, including an increased lifetime attributable risk of cancer. The goal of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of radiation dose management and cardiac computed tomography performance in the paediatric population with congenital and acquired heart disease, to encourage informed imaging to achieve indication-appropriate study quality at the lowest achievable dose.</jats:p>

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