Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses

DOI Web Site 参考文献59件 オープンアクセス
  • Liam Gaziano
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Luanluan Sun
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Matthew Arnold
  • Steven Bell
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Kelly Cho
    Division of Aging (K.C., S.P., J.P.C. J.M.G.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
  • Stephen K. Kaptoge
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Rebecca J. Song
    Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (R.J.S.).
  • Stephen Burgess
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Daniel C. Posner
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Katja Mosconi
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (C.R.-C., E.A.A.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
  • Amy M. Mason
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Thomas R. Bolton
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Ran Tao
    Department of Biostatistics (R. Tao), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
  • Elias Allara
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Petra Schubert
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Lingyan Chen
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • James R. Staley
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Natalie Staplin
    Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (N.S., C.B.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
  • Servet Altay
    Department of Cardiology, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey (S.A.).
  • Pilar Amiano
    Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain (P.A.).
  • Volker Arndt
    Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (V.A.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Johan Ärnlöv
  • Elizabeth L.M. Barr
    Wellbeing & Preventable Chronic Diseases (WPCD) Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia (E.L.M.B.).
  • Cecilia Björkelund
    Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (N.S., C.B.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
  • Jolanda M.A. Boer
    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands (J.M.A.B., W.M.M.V.).
  • Hermann Brenner
    Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.A., H.B.).
  • Edoardo Casiglia
    Studium Patavinum (E.C.), University of Padua, Italy.
  • Paolo Chiodini
    Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Caserta, Italy (P.C.).
  • Jackie A. Cooper
    William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, UK (J.A.C.).
  • Josef Coresh
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (J.C.).
  • Mary Cushman
    Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington (M.C.).
  • Rachel Dankner
    The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (R.D.).
  • Karina W. Davidson
    Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY (R.D., K.W.D.).
  • Renate T. de Jongh
    Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VUMC, the Netherlands (R.T.d.J.).
  • Chiara Donfrancesco
    Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy (C.D., L. Palmer).
  • Gunnar Engström
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (G.E., O.M.).
  • Heinz Freisling
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.F., E.W.).
  • Agustín Gómez de la Cámara
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain (P.A., A.G.d.l.C., D.P., C. Santiuste).
  • Vilmundur Gudnason
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland and Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland (V.G.).
  • Graeme J. Hankey
    Medical School Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia (G.J.H.).
  • Per-Olof Hansson
    Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (P.-O.H., A.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Alicia K. Heath
    School of Public Health (A.K.H., I.T., E.R.), Imperial College London, UK.
  • Ewout J. Hoorn
    Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.J.H.).
  • Hironori Imano
    Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (H.I.)
  • Simerjot K. Jassal
    Department of Cancer Epidemiology (S.K.J., R.K., V.K.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Rudolf Kaaks
    Department of Cancer Epidemiology (S.K.J., R.K., V.K.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Verena Katzke
    Department of Cancer Epidemiology (S.K.J., R.K., V.K.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Jussi Kauhanen
    University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland (J.K.).
  • Stefan Kiechl
    Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (S.K.).
  • Wolfgang Koenig
    Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Germany (W.K.).
  • Richard A. Kronmal
    School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle (R.A.K.).
  • Cecilie Kyrø
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.K., A.T.).
  • Deborah A. Lawlor
    Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK (D.A.L.).
  • Börje Ljungberg
    Department of Surgical and Perioperative sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Sweden (B.L.).
  • Conor MacDonald
    University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Villejuif, France (C. MacDonald).
  • Giovanna Masala
    Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy (G.M.).
  • Christa Meisinger
    Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany (C. Meisinger).
  • Olle Melander
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (G.E., O.M.).
  • Conchi Moreno Iribas
    Navarra Public Health Institute, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain (C.M.I.).
  • Toshiharu Ninomiya
    Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (T.N.).
  • Dorothea Nitsch
    London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK (D.N.).
  • Børge G. Nordestgaard
    Herlev and Gentofte Hospital (B.G.N.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Charlotte Onland-Moret
    Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (C.O.-M., Y.T.v.d.S., W.M.M.V.).
  • Luigi Palmieri
  • Dafina Petrova
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain (P.A., A.G.d.l.C., D.P., C. Santiuste).
  • Jose Ramón Quirós Garcia
    Consejería de Sanidad del Principado de Asturias Oviedo, Asturias, Spain (J.R.Q.G.).
  • Annika Rosengren
    Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (P.-O.H., A.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Carlotta Sacerdote
    Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy (C. Sacerdote).
  • Masaru Sakurai
    Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan (M.S.).
  • Carmen Santiuste
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain (P.A., A.G.d.l.C., D.P., C. Santiuste).
  • Matthias B. Schulze
    German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.B.S.).
  • Sabina Sieri
    Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy (S.S.).
  • Johan Sundström
    Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (J.S.).
  • Valérie Tikhonoff
    Department of Medicine (V.T.), University of Padua, Italy.
  • Anne Tjønneland
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.K., A.T.).
  • Tammy Tong
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.T.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
  • Rosario Tumino
    Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Reserach AIRE - ONLUS, Ragusa, Italy (R.T.).
  • Ioanna Tzoulaki
    School of Public Health (A.K.H., I.T., E.R.), Imperial College London, UK.
  • Yvonne T. van der Schouw
    Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (C.O.-M., Y.T.v.d.S., W.M.M.V.).
  • W.M. Monique Verschuren
    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands (J.M.A.B., W.M.M.V.).
  • Henry Völzke
    Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Institut für Community Medicine, Abteilung SHIP/ Klinisch-Epidemiologische Forschung, Germany (H.V.).
  • Robert B. Wallace
    College of Public Health, University of Iowa (R.B.W.).
  • S. Goya Wannamethee
    University College London, UK (S.G.W.).
  • Elisabete Weiderpass
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.F., E.W.).
  • Peter Willeit
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Mark Woodward
    The George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, NSW, Australia (M.W.).
  • Kazumasa Yamagishi
    Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan (K.Y.).
  • Raul Zamora-Ros
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain (R.Z.-R.).
  • Elvis A. Akwo
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (C.R.-C., E.A.A.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
  • Saiju Pyarajan
    Division of Aging (K.C., S.P., J.P.C. J.M.G.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
  • David R. Gagnon
    Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (D.R.G.).
  • Philip S. Tsao
    VA Pal Alto Epidemiology Research and Information Center for Genomics, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (P.S.T.).
  • Sumitra Muralidhar
    Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC (S.M.).
  • Todd L. Edwards
    Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (T.L.E.).
  • Scott M. Damrauer
    Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D.).
  • Jacob Joseph
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Lisa Pennells
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Peter W.F. Wilson
    Internal Medicine, VA Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, GA (P.W.F.W.).
  • Seamus Harrison
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Thomas A. Gaziano
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., T.A.G.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
  • Michael Inouye
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Colin Baigent
    Institute of Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (C.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Juan P. Casas
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • Claudia Langenberg
    MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine (C.L., N.W.), University of Cambridge, UK.
  • Nick Wareham
    MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine (C.L., N.W.), University of Cambridge, UK.
  • Elio Riboli
    The George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Imperial College London, UK.
  • J.Michael Gaziano
    Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (L.G., K.C., R.J.S., D.C.P., P.S., J.J., J.P.C., J.M.G.).
  • John Danesh
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Adriana M. Hung
    Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Tennessee Valley Health Care System and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (A.M.H.).
  • Adam S. Butterworth
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Angela M. Wood
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Emanuele Di Angelantonio
    BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (L.G., L.S., S. Bell, S.K.K., S. Burgess, K.M., A.M.M., T.R.B., E.A., L.C., J.R.S., P.W., L. Pennells, S.H., M.I., J.D., A.S.B., A.M.W., E.D.A.)
  • Anna Koettgen
  • Jonathan Shaw
  • Robert Atkins
  • Paul Zimmet
  • Peter Whincup
  • Johann Willeit
  • Christoph Leitner
  • Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
  • Peter Schnohr
  • Shoaib Afzal
  • David Lora Pablos
  • Cristina Martin Arriscado
  • Carmen Romero Ferreiro
  • Hannah Stocker
  • Ben Schöttker
  • Bernd Holleczek
  • Angela Chetrit
  • Lennart Welin
  • Kurt Svärdsudd
  • Lauren Lissner
  • Dominique Hange
  • Kirsten Mehlig
  • Dorothea Nagel
  • Paul E. Norman
  • Osvaldo Almeida
  • Leon Flicker
  • Jun Hata
  • Takanori Honda
  • Yoshihiko Furuta
  • Hiroyasu Iso
  • Akihiko Kitamura
  • Isao Muraki
  • Jukka T. Salonen
  • Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
  • E. M. van Zutphen
  • N. M. van Schoor
  • Cinzia Lo Noce
  • Richard Kronmal
  • Georg Lappas
  • Peter M. Nilsson
  • Bo Hedblad
  • Jonathan Shaffer
  • Joseph Schwartz
  • Daichi Shimbo
  • Shinichi Sato
  • Mina Hayama-Terada
  • Simerjot Jassal
  • Thor Aspelund
  • Bolli Thorsson
  • Gunnar Sigurdsson
  • Layal Chaker
  • Kamran M. Ikram
  • Maryam Kavousi
  • Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe
  • Günay Can
  • Hüsniye Yüksel
  • Uğur Özkan
  • Hideaki Nakagawa
  • Yuko Morikawa
  • Masao Ishizaki
  • Edith Feskens
  • Johanna M Geleijnse
  • Daan Kromhout

抄録

<jats:sec> <jats:title>Background:</jats:title> <jats:p>End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.8 million person-years of follow-up. Using a genetic risk score of 218 variants for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses involving 413 718 participants (25 917 CHD and 8622 strokes) in EPIC-CVD, Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p> There were U-shaped observational associations of creatinine-based eGFR with CHD and stroke, with higher risk in participants with eGFR values <60 or >105 mL·min <jats:sup>–1</jats:sup> ·1.73 m <jats:sup>–2</jats:sup> , compared with those with eGFR between 60 and 105 mL·min <jats:sup>–1</jats:sup> ·1.73 m <jats:sup>–2</jats:sup> . Mendelian randomization analyses for CHD showed an association among participants with eGFR <60 mL·min <jats:sup>–1</jats:sup> ·1.73 m <jats:sup>–2</jats:sup> , with a 14% (95% CI, 3%–27%) higher CHD risk per 5 mL·min <jats:sup>–1</jats:sup> ·1.73 m <jats:sup>–2</jats:sup> lower genetically predicted eGFR, but not for those with eGFR >105 mL·min <jats:sup>–1</jats:sup> ·1.73 m <jats:sup>–2</jats:sup> . Results were not materially different after adjustment for factors associated with the eGFR genetic risk score, such as lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure. Mendelian randomization results for stroke were nonsignificant but broadly similar to those for CHD. </jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title> <jats:p>In people without manifest cardiovascular disease or diabetes, mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to risk of CHD, highlighting the potential value of preventive approaches that preserve and modulate kidney function.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

収録刊行物

  • Circulation

    Circulation 146 (20), 1507-1517, 2022-11-15

    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

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