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Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1
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- Henric Krawczynski
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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- Fabio Muleri
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Michal Dovčiak
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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- Alexandra Veledina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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- Nicole Rodriguez Cavero
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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- Jiri Svoboda
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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- Adam Ingram
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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- Giorgio Matt
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy.
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- Javier A. Garcia
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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- Vladislav Loktev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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- Michela Negro
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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- Juri Poutanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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- Takao Kitaguchi
- Rikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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- Jakub Podgorný
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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- John Rankin
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Wenda Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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- Andrei Berdyugin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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- Svetlana V. Berdyugina
- Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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- Stefano Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy.
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- Dmitry Blinov
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
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- Fiamma Capitanio
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Niccolò Di Lalla
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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- Paul Draghis
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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- Sergio Fabiani
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Masato Kagitani
- School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan.
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- Vadim Kravtsov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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- Sebastian Kiehlmann
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
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- Luca Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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- Alexander A. Lutovinov
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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- Nikos Mandarakas
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
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- Frédéric Marin
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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- Andrea Marinucci
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Jon M. Miller
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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- Tsunefumi Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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- Sergey V. Molkov
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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- Nicola Omodei
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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- Pierre-Olivier Petrucci
- Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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- Ajay Ratheesh
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Takeshi Sakanoi
- School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan.
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- Andrei N. Semena
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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- Raphael Skalidis
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
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- Paolo Soffitta
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Allyn F. Tennant
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Phillipp Thalhammer
- Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.
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- Francesco Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Martin C. Weisskopf
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Joern Wilms
- Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.
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- Sixuan Zhang
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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- Iván Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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- Lucio A. Antonelli
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy.
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- Matteo Bachetti
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.
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- Luca Baldini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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- Wayne H. Baumgartner
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Ronaldo Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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- Stephen D. Bongiorno
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Raffaella Bonino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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- Alessandro Brez
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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- Niccolò Bucciantini
- INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
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- Simone Castellano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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- Elisabetta Cavazzuti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Stefano Ciprini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Enrico Costa
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Alessandra De Rosa
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Ettore Del Monte
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Laura Di Gesu
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Alessandro Di Marco
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Immacolata Donnarumma
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Victor Doroshenko
- Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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- Steven R. Ehlert
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Teruaki Enoto
- Rikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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- Yuri Evangelista
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Riccardo Ferrazzoli
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Shuichi Gunji
- Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan.
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- Kiyoshi Hayashida
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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- Jeremy Heyl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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- Wataru Iwakiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
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- Svetlana G. Jorstad
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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- Vladimir Karas
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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- Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Fabio La Monaca
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Ioannis Liodakis
- Finnish Centre for Astronomy with the European Southern Observatory (ESO), 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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- Simone Maldera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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- Alberto Manfreda
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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- Alan P. Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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- Herman L. Marshall
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
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- Chi-Yung Ng
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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- Stephen L. O’Dell
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Chiara Oppedisano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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- Alessandro Papitto
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy.
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- George G. Pavlov
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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- Abel L. Peirson
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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- Matteo Perri
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy.
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- Melissa Pesce-Rollins
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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- Maura Pilia
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.
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- Andrea Possenti
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.
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- Simonetta Puccetti
- Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Brian D. Ramsey
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Roger W. Romani
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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- Carmelo Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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- Patrick Slane
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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- Gloria Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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- Toru Tamagawa
- Astronomical Institute, Charles University, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
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- Fabrizio Tavecchio
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, 23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy.
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- Roberto Taverna
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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- Yuzuru Tawara
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
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- Nicholas E. Thomas
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
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- Alessio Trois
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.
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- Sergey Tsygankov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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- Roberto Turolla
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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- Jacco Vink
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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- Kinwah Wu
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK.
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- Fei Xie
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.
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- Silvia Zane
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK.
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Description
<jats:p>A black hole x-ray binary (XRB) system forms when gas is stripped from a normal star and accretes onto a black hole, which heats the gas sufficiently to emit x-rays. We report a polarimetric observation of the XRB Cygnus X-1 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The electric field position angle aligns with the outflowing jet, indicating that the jet is launched from the inner x-ray–emitting region. The polarization degree is 4.01 ± 0.20% at 2 to 8 kiloelectronvolts, implying that the accretion disk is viewed closer to edge-on than the binary orbit. These observations reveal that hot x-ray–emitting plasma is spatially extended in a plane perpendicular to, not parallel to, the jet axis.</jats:p>
Journal
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- Science
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Science 378 (6620), 650-654, 2022-11-11
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)