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Evaluation of Prolonged Endometrial Inflammation Associated with the Periparturient Metabolic State in Dairy Cows
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- Rena Sato
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Saku Koyama
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Miya Yasukawa
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Takuma Inoue
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Tomochika Matsumura
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Asuka Kanazawa
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Yukari Nozue
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Yuriko Wada
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Itaru Yoshimura
- Fuji Animal Farm, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi 401-0338, Japan
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- Yujiro Hagita
- Fuji Animal Farm, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi 401-0338, Japan
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- Hisashi Mizutani
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Tsuyoshi Tajima
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Tadaharu Ajito
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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- Ryotaro Miura
- School of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
Description
<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to assess the sequential dynamics of the endometrial polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) after calving by endometrial cytology, and clarify the factors that cause prolonged endometrial inflammation in lactating dairy cows. A total of 33 lactating Holstein dairy cows were used from −4 to 8 wk relative to calving (0 wk: the calving week). Endometrial samples were obtained sequentially from 2 to 8 wk. Body condition score and backfat thickness were obtained weekly from −4 to 8 wk. Blood samples collected from −4 to 8 wk were analyzed for indicators of energy status, hepatic function, systemic inflammation, and calcium. Blood amino acids were measured at 2 wk. Daily milk production was determined between 5 and 65 d postpartum. Based on the sequential cytological analysis, the endometrial inflammation threshold was set at ≥5.0% PMN, and the median wk of PMN% lower than 5.0% was 4.5 wk in this study; therefore, we classified the cows into the early group (cows with endometrial inflammation converged within 4 wk: n = 17) and the late group (cows with endometrial inflammation converged at or after 5 wk: n = 16). There were no differences in daily milk production, energy status, hepatic function, blood calcium concentration, and systemic inflammatory response. The late group had lower body condition scores and backfat thickness during the experimental period, and a higher blood concentration of 3-methyl histidine, indicating muscle breakdown, was observed in the late group at 2 wk. Our findings indicated that the lack of body fat reservation during the peripartum period and the increased muscle breakdown after calving were risk factors for prolonged endometrial inflammation.</jats:p>
Journal
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- Animals
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Animals 12 (23), 3401-, 2022-12-02
MDPI AG