Diarrhea Induced by Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Compared With Chemotherapy: Potential Role of the Microbiome

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  • Kate R. Secombe
    Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • Ysabella Z. A. Van Sebille
    UniSA Online, Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • Bronwen J. Mayo
    Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
  • Janet K. Coller
    Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • Rachel J. Gibson
    School of Allied Health Science and Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • Joanne M. Bowen
    Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Abstract

<jats:p>Small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (SM-TKIs) are among a group of targeted cancer therapies, intended to be more specific to cancer cells compared with treatments, such as chemotherapy, hence reducing adverse events. Unfortunately, many patients report high levels of diarrhea, the pathogenesis of which remains under investigation. In this article, we compare the current state of knowledge of the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) in comparison to SM-TKI–induced diarrhea, and investigate how a similar research approach in both areas may be beneficial. To this end, we review evidence that both treatment modalities may interact with the gut microbiome, and as such the microbiome should be investigated for its ability to reduce the risk of diarrhea.</jats:p>

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