TOR kinase, a GPS in the complex nutrient and hormonal signaling networks to guide plant growth and development

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  • Yanyan Meng
    College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
  • Nan Zhang
    College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
  • Jiatian Li
    College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
  • Xuehong Shen
    College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
  • Jen Sheen
    Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
  • Yan Xiong
    College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
  • Camila Caldana
    editor
    MPI of Molecular Plant Physiology , Germany

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>To survive and sustain growth, sessile plants have developed sophisticated internal signalling networks that respond to various external and internal cues. Despite the central roles of nutrient and hormone signaling in plant growth and development, how hormone-driven processes coordinate with metabolic status remains largely enigmatic. Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator that integrates energy, nutrients, growth factors, hormones, and stress signals to promote growth in all eukaryotes. Inspired by recent comprehensive systems, chemical, genetic, and genomic studies on TOR in plants, this review discusses a potential role of TOR as a ‘global positioning system’ that directs plant growth and developmental programs both temporally and spatially by integrating dynamic information in the complex nutrient and hormonal signaling networks. We further evaluate and depict the possible functional and mechanistic models for how a single protein kinase, TOR, is able to recognize, integrate, and even distinguish a plethora of positive and negative input signals to execute appropriate and distinct downstream biological processes via multiple partners and effectors.</jats:p>

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