Comparison of Influenza and Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Younger Than 18 Years Old in the United States: FluSurv-NET (October–April 2017–2021) and COVID-NET (October 2020–September 2021)

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  • Miranda J Delahoy
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Dawud Ujamaa
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Christopher A Taylor
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Charisse Cummings
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Onika Anglin
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Rachel Holstein
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Jennifer Milucky
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Alissa O’Halloran
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Kadam Patel
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Huong Pham
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Michael Whitaker
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Arthur Reingold
    California Emerging Infections Program , Oakland, California , USA
  • Shua J Chai
    California Emerging Infections Program , Oakland, California , USA
  • Nisha B Alden
    Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment , Denver, Colorado , USA
  • Breanna Kawasaki
    Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment , Denver, Colorado , USA
  • James Meek
    Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, Connecticut , USA
  • Kimberly Yousey-Hindes
    Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, Connecticut , USA
  • Evan J Anderson
    Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Kyle P Openo
    Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Andy Weigel
    Iowa Department of Health , Des Moines, Iowa , USA
  • Kenzie Teno
    Iowa Department of Health , Des Moines, Iowa , USA
  • Libby Reeg
    Michigan Department of Health and Human Services , Lansing, Michigan , USA
  • Lauren Leegwater
    Michigan Department of Health and Human Services , Lansing, Michigan , USA
  • Ruth Lynfield
    Minnesota Department of Health , Saint Paul, Minnesota , USA
  • Melissa McMahon
    Minnesota Department of Health , Saint Paul, Minnesota , USA
  • Susan Ropp
    New Mexico Department of Health, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program , Santa Fe, New Mexico , USA
  • Dominic Rudin
    New Mexico Department of Health, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program , Santa Fe, New Mexico , USA
  • Alison Muse
    New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York , USA
  • Nancy Spina
    New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York , USA
  • Nancy M Bennett
    University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York , USA
  • Kevin Popham
    Rochester Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York , USA
  • Laurie M Billing
    Ohio Department of Health , Columbus, Ohio , USA
  • Eli Shiltz
    Ohio Department of Health , Columbus, Ohio , USA
  • Melissa Sutton
    Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority , Salem, Oregon , USA
  • Ann Thomas
    Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority , Salem, Oregon , USA
  • William Schaffner
    Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA
  • H Keipp Talbot
    Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA
  • Melanie T Crossland
    Salt Lake County Health Department , Salt Lake City, Utah , USA
  • Keegan McCaffrey
    Utah Department of Health , Salt Lake City, Utah , USA
  • Aron J Hall
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Erin Burns
    Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Meredith McMorrow
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Carrie Reed
    Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Fiona P Havers
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
  • Shikha Garg
    CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA

抄録

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are significant causes of respiratory illness in children.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Influenza- and COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among children &lt;18 years old were analyzed from FluSurv-NET and COVID-NET, 2 population-based surveillance systems with similar catchment areas and methodology. The annual COVID-19–associated hospitalization rate per 100 000 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (1 October 2020–30 September 2021) was compared with influenza-associated hospitalization rates during the 2017–2018 through 2019–2020 influenza seasons. In-hospital outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death, were compared.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Among children &lt;18 years, the COVID-19–associated hospitalization rate (48.2) was higher than influenza-associated hospitalization rates: 2017–2018 (33.5), 2018–2019 (33.8), and 2019–2020 (41.7). The COVID-19–associated hospitalization rate was higher among adolescents 12–17 years old (COVID-19: 59.9; influenza range: 12.2–14.1), but similar or lower among children 5–11 (COVID-19: 25.0; influenza range: 24.3–31.7) and 0–4 (COVID-19: 66.8; influenza range: 70.9–91.5) years old. Among children &lt;18 years, a higher proportion with COVID-19 required ICU admission compared with influenza (26.4% vs 21.6%; P &lt; .01). Pediatric deaths were uncommon during both COVID-19– and influenza-associated hospitalizations (0.7% vs 0.5%; P = .28).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>In the setting of extensive mitigation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the annual COVID-19–associated hospitalization rate during 2020–2021 was higher among adolescents and similar or lower among children &lt;12 years compared with influenza during the 3 seasons before the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 adds substantially to the existing burden of pediatric hospitalizations and severe outcomes caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

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