The role of type I interferon in the treatment of COVID‐19

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  • Fatemeh Sodeifian
    Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
  • Mahsa Nikfarjam
    Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
  • Naghmeh Kian
    Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
  • Kawthar Mohamed
    Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Manama Bahrain
  • Nima Rezaei
    Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Although significant research has been done to find effective drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), no definite effective drug exists. Thus, research has now shifted towards immunomodulatory agents other than antivirals. In this review, we aim to describe the latest findings on the role of type I interferon (IFN)‐mediated innate antiviral response against SARS‐CoV‐2 and discuss the use of IFNs as a medication for COVID‐19. A growing body of evidence has indicated a promoting active but delayed IFNs response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in infected bronchial epithelial cells. Studies have demonstrated that IFNs' administration before the viral peak and the inflammatory phase of disease could offer a highly protective effect. However, IFNs' treatment during the inflammatory and severe stages of the disease causes immunopathology and long‐lasting harm for patients. Therefore, it is critical to note the best time window for IFNs' administration. Further investigation of the clinical effectiveness of interferon for patients with mild to severe COVID‐19 and its optimal timing and route of administration can be beneficial in finding a safe and effective antiviral therapy for the COVID‐19 disease.</jats:p>

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