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- Alexander Ou
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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- W. K. Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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- Nazanin Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX 77030, USA
説明
<jats:p>Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults and is almost invariably fatal. Despite our growing understanding of the various mechanisms underlying treatment failure, the standard-of-care therapy has not changed over the last two decades, signifying a great unmet need. The challenges of treating glioblastoma are many and include inadequate drug or agent delivery across the blood–brain barrier, abundant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, redundant signaling pathways, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review the innate and adaptive molecular mechanisms underlying glioblastoma’s treatment resistance, emphasizing the intrinsic challenges therapeutic interventions must overcome—namely, the blood–brain barrier, tumoral heterogeneity, and microenvironment—and the mechanisms of resistance to conventional treatments, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (1), 351-, 2020-12-31
MDPI AG