Safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and camrelizumab in the treatment of patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

<jats:p> 4079 </jats:p><jats:p> Background: Combined systemic and local therapy is a promising treatment strategy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and PD-1 antibodies are all recommended for patients with unresectable HCC (uHCC). This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with TKIs and camrelizumab in the treatment of uHCC. Methods: In this multicenter, single-arm phase II trial (ChiCTR2000039508), patients with intermediate-stage uHCC who had a Child-Pugh score ≤ 7 and had not received prior systemic anti-cancer treatment would receive treatment with TACE followed by immunotherapy with camrelizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks plus a TKI agent selected from lenvatinib (12 mg/day for bodyweight ≥60 kg or 8 mg/day for bodyweight <60 kg), sorafenib 400 mg bid or donafenib 200 mg bid until intolerable toxicity or disease progression. During the study treatment, patients assessed as eligible for resection would undergo surgery. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per modified RECIST. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DOR) and overall survival (OS). Results: From September 2020 to November 2021, 87 patients (81 men and 6 women; median age, 56 years) were enrolled. Among them, 43 (49.4%) patients had extrahepatic metastases, and 65 (74.7%) patients had HBV infection. As of September 28, 2022, the median duration of follow-up was 13.6 (0.83-24.9) months. A total of 34 patients (39.1%) died, and the median OS was not reached. The median PFS was 10.5 months (95% CI: 7.8-13.1). The ORR rate was 71.3% (62/87), and the DCR rate was 89.7% (78/87) per mRECIST. According to RECIST version 1.1, the ORR rate was 35.6% (31/87), and the DCR rate was 87.4% (76/87). The ORR and PFS showed consistent benefits in subgroups based on ECOG score, HBV infection, baseline alpha-fetoprotein level, combined TKI, and the number of TACE treatments. Ten patients (11.5%) successfully underwent conversion therapy and all achieved R0 resection. Two patients achieved a complete pathological response (pCR) and four achieved a major pathological response (MPR). The most common AEs were hypoproteinemia (92%), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (80.5%), elevated glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (79.3%), elevated bilirubin (78.2%), abdominal pain (62.1%), nausea (33.3%), and RCCEP (26.4%). The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse reactions was 67.8%, and no treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusions: TACE combined with TKI and camrelizumab showed promising clinical benefits. It can effectively control tumor progression and provide opportunities for resection with acceptable safety, which will bring great benefits to uHCC. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2000039508 . </jats:p>