Exploring the Underlying Genetics of Craniofacial Morphology through Various Sources of Knowledge

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  • Jasmien Roosenboom
    Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 721, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
  • Greet Hens
    Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 721, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
  • Brooke C. Mattern
    Department of Anthropology, Penn State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
  • Mark D. Shriver
    Department of Anthropology, Penn State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
  • Peter Claes
    Medical Image Computing, ESAT/PSI, Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Medical Imaging Research Center, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

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<jats:p>The craniofacial complex is the billboard of sorts containing information about sex, health, ancestry, kinship, genes, and environment. A thorough knowledge of the genes underlying craniofacial morphology is fundamental to understanding craniofacial biology and evolution. These genes can also provide an important foundation for practical efforts like predicting faces from DNA and phenotype-based facial diagnostics. In this work, we focus on the various sources of knowledge regarding the genes that affect patterns of craniofacial development. Although tremendous successes recently have been made using these sources in both methodology and biology, many challenges remain. Primary among these are precise phenotyping techniques and efficient modeling methods.</jats:p>

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