Endocrine Disruptors and Obesity: An Overview

  • Isanna Murro
    Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
  • Giuseppe Lisco
    Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
  • Carmen Di Noia
    Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
  • Luisa Lampignano
    Population Health Unit - \\\'Salus in Apulia Study” National Institute of Gastroenterology \\\'Saverio de Bellis\\\', Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
  • Roberta Zupo
    Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
  • Vito Angelo Giagulli
    Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
  • Edoardo Guastamacchia
    Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
  • Vincenzo Triggiani
    Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
  • Giovanni De Pergola
    Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy

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<jats:sec> <jats:title>Abstract:</jats:title> <jats:p>Obesity is a growing pandemic. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are widespread in the en-vironment. In this perspective, the authors examine the issue related to the exposure to several chem-icals with endocrine-disrupting properties as promoting factors to obesity. Data show that Phthalates, Bisphenol compounds, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), solvents, and personal care products can modify metabolic properties in a dose-response and sex-specific manner. Phthalates and bi-sphenol compounds increase body mass index, waist circumference, waist to height ratio, and the sum of skinfold thicknesses in women and not in men. Low-dose exposure to Persistent Organic Pol-lutants is strongly associated with increased body mass index in men and decreased this parameter in women. The mechanism through which these compounds act on anthropometric parameters is not entirely understood. Several studies suggest a possible interference in gonadotropin secretion and the thyroid axis. These inspire a decrease in both total and free testosterone levels in men and FT3 and FT4 levels in women, particularly after a pregnancy. The impact of endocrine disruptor chemicals on adipose tissue inflammation and future cardio-metabolic disorders remains to be elucidated. There-fore, studies involving both healthy and obese individuals are needed to unambiguously confirm re-sults from in vitro and animal models.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

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