Decoding the
                    <scp>RNA</scp>
                    virome of the tree parasite
                    <i>Armillaria</i>
                    provides new insights into the viral community of soil‐borne fungi

Wajeeha Shamsi, Renate Heinzelmann, Sven Ulrich, Hideki Kondo, Carolina Cornejo

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.16583

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> The globally distributed basidiomycete genus <jats:italic>Armillaria</jats:italic> includes wood decomposers that can act as opportunistic parasites, causing deadly root rot on woody plants. To test whether RNA viruses are involved in this opportunistic behaviour, a large isolate collection of five <jats:italic>Armillaria</jats:italic> species collected over 40 years in Switzerland from trees, dead wood and soil was analysed. De novo assembly of RNA‐Seq data revealed 21 viruses, 14 of which belong to putative new species. Two dsRNA viruses and an unclassified <jats:italic>Tymovirales</jats:italic> are formally described for the first time for <jats:italic>Armillaria</jats:italic> . One mitovirus occurred with a high prevalence of 71.1%, while all other viruses were much less prevalent (0.6%–16.9%). About half of all viruses were found only in one fungal species, others occurred in 2–6 fungal species. Co‐infections of 2–7 viruses per isolate were not uncommon (34.9%), and most viruses persisted circulating within fungal populations for decades. Some viruses were related to viruses associated with other <jats:italic>Armillaria</jats:italic> species, supporting the hypothesis that virus transmission can occur between different fungal species. Although no specific correlation between viruses and the fungal trophic strategy was found, this study opens new insights into viral diversity hidden in the soil microbiome. </jats:p>

Decoding the <scp>RNA</scp> virome of the tree parasite <i>Armillaria</i> provides new insights into the viral community of soil‐borne fungi

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