Technocracy and Populism in the Philippines

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has described himself as a punisher, while scholars describe him as an example of ‘penal populism’. In contrast with his brutal anti-drug campaign, his economic management appears reasonable and even reform-oriented. It argues that the Philippine government has carried out technocratic economic policy reforms under both the democratic Aquino administration and the authoritarian Duterte administration, thanks to the unintended legacy of the populist administration in the 1990s. After the rise and decline of populism in the late 1990s, the socio-economic policymakers addressed the structural problem of underspending on social infrastructure. Regardless of whether leadership is democratic or authoritarian, they introduced a series of reform laws to generate revenue, enhance social well-being, and improve the business environment. Tracing the policy-making process of the reform laws, we conclude the president does not dominate the entire policy-making process. A coalition politics allows various stakeholders to join the porous policy-making process. The Philippines’ odd couple depends not on the president’s popularity but on the technocracy that has evolved independently of the rhythm of presidential politics.</jats:p>

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