Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men
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- André Zugman
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience (SDAN), Emotion and Development Branch (E & D), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20894
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- Luz María Alliende
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
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- Vicente Medel
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 7941169, Chile
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- Richard A.I. Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
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- Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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- Grace Ringlein
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience (SDAN), Emotion and Development Branch (E & D), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20894
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- Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28009, Spain
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- Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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- Laila Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
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- Mark Bellgrove
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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- Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India
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- Miquel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona 08036, Spain
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- Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
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- Jorge Bosch-Bayard
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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- Rodrigo Bressan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
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- Geraldo F. Busatto
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
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- Mariana N. Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (INAAC), Fleni-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Neurosciences Institute (INEU), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
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- Tiffany Chaim-Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-903, Brazil
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- Albert Compte
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
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- Monise Costanzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS 90035-007, Brazil
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- Leticia Czepielewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS 90035-007, Brazil
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- Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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- Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Direction of Research, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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- Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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- Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28009, Spain
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- Ana María Díaz-Zuluaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050011, Colombia
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- Stefan Du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
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- Fabio L. S. Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-903, Brazil
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- Sol Fittipaldi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 7941169, Chile
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- Alex Fornito
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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- Nelson B. Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior Los Angeles, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90024
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- Ary Gadelha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
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- Clarissa S. Gama
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS 90035-007, Brazil
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- Ranjini Garani
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A12B4 Canada
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- Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona 08036, Spain
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- Cecilia Gonzalez Campo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
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- Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J. Horwitz Barak, Santiago 8431621, Chile
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- Salvador Guinjoan
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
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- Bharath Holla
- Department of Integrative Medicine, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India
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- Agustín Ibañez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 7941169, Chile
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- Daniza Ivanovic
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
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- Andrea Jackowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-000, Brazil
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- Pablo Leon-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Direction of Research, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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- Christine Lochner
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7505, South Africa
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- Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050011, Colombia
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- Hilmar Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
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- Raffael Massuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba PR 80060-000, Brazil
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- Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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- Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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- Romina Mizrahi
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A12B4 Canada
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- Robin Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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- Aysegul Ozerdem
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota MN 55905
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- Pedro M. Pan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
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- Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28009, Spain
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- Lebogan Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
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- Juan P. Ramirez-Mahaluf
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
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- Ramiro Reckziegel
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS 90035-007, Brazil
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- Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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- Francisco Reyes-Madrigal
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Direction of Research, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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- Annerine Roos
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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- Pedro Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-903, Brazil
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- Giovanni Salum
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035903, Brazil
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- Freda Scheffler
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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- Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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- Mauricio Serpa
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
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- Dan J. Stein
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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- Angeles Tepper
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
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- Jeggan Tiego
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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- Tsukasa Ueno
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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- Juan Undurraga
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J. Horwitz Barak, Santiago 8431621, Chile
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- Eduardo A. Undurraga
- Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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- Pedro Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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- Isabel Valli
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
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- Mirta Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (INAAC), Fleni-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Neurosciences Institute (INEU), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
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- Toby T. Winton-Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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- Nefize Yalin
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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- Francisco Zamorano
- Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile
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- Marcus V. Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-903, Brazil
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- Anderson M. Winkler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas TX 78520
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- Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience (SDAN), Emotion and Development Branch (E & D), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20894
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- Sara Evans-Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
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- Nicolas A. Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
書誌事項
- 公開日
- 2023-05-08
- 権利情報
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- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- DOI
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- 10.1073/pnas.2218782120
- 公開者
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
この論文をさがす
説明
<jats:p>Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women’s worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women’s brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (20), 2023-05-08
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
