Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity
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- Daniela Ramírez Ortega
- Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, Mexico
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- Dinora F. González Esquivel
- Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, Mexico
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- Tonali Blanco Ayala
- Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, Mexico
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- Benjamín Pineda
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, Mexico
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- Saul Gómez Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México City 04530, Mexico
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- Jaime Marcial Quino
- CONACYT—Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
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- Paul Carrillo Mora
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, S.S.A., México D.F. 14389, Mexico
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- Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., México D.F. 14269, Mexico
書誌事項
- 公開日
- 2021-01-28
- 権利情報
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- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- DOI
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- 10.3390/toxics9020023
- 公開者
- MDPI AG
説明
<jats:p>Lead (Pb) is considered a strong environmental toxin with human health repercussions. Due to its widespread use and the number of people potentially exposed to different sources of this heavy metal, Pb intoxication is recognized as a public health problem in many countries. Exposure to Pb can occur through ingestion, inhalation, dermal, and transplacental routes. The magnitude of its effects depends on several toxicity conditions: lead speciation, doses, time, and age of exposure, among others. It has been demonstrated that Pb exposure induces stronger effects during early life. The central nervous system is especially vulnerable to Pb toxicity; Pb exposure is linked to cognitive impairment, executive function alterations, abnormal social behavior, and fine motor control perturbations. This review aims to provide a general view of the cognitive consequences associated with Pb exposure during early life as well as during adulthood. Additionally, it describes the neurotoxic mechanisms associated with cognitive impairment induced by Pb, which include neurochemical, molecular, and morphological changes that jointly could have a synergic effect on the cognitive performance.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Toxics
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Toxics 9 (2), 23-, 2021-01-28
MDPI AG
