Possible association of maternal factors with the higher risk of isolated true undescended testis: A population‐based case‐control study

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  • Stelios Mavrogenis
    Department of Uro‐oncology National Institute of Oncology Budapest Hungary
  • Róbert Urban
    Department of Personality and Health Psychology Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
  • Andrew E. Czeizel
    Foundation for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases Budapest Hungary
  • Nándor Ács
    Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the study was to evaluate the possible association of maternal factors with the risk of isolated true undescended testis (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ITUT</jats:styled-content>) diagnosed at the third postnatal month because our knowledge is limited regarding the origin of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ITUT</jats:styled-content>. Acute and chronic diseases with related drug treatments were compared in the mothers of 2052 cases with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ITUT</jats:styled-content>, 24 814 male controls without any defects and 12 082 malformed male controls with other isolated defects in the population‐based large dataset of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. Prospective medically recorded endometriosis before conception of the study pregnancy in the mothers of 39 cases was associated with a higher risk of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ITUT</jats:styled-content> in their sons (odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">OR)</jats:styled-content> with 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CI]</jats:styled-content>: 2.42, 1.71–3.42). Dihydrogesterone treatment in the first trimester of pregnancy also showed association with the higher risk of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ITUT</jats:styled-content> but based on only five pregnant women. In conclusion, endometriosis before pregnancy may have a role in the origin of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ITUT</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p>

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