Effects of optical interference and optimized crystallinity in organic photovoltaic cells with a low-bandgap small molecule fabricated by dry process

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Low-bandgap molecules have been used in the photoactive layer of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells to achieve higher open-circuit voltage and absorb light with longer wavelength for improving power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, we report on the effect of the film characteristics of N-(n-hexyl)-tetracene carboxylic acid 5,6-imide-11,12-disulfide (Hexyl-TIDS) as a p-type organic semiconductor by introducing an n-type organic semiconductor C60 as an underlayer. Also, we investigate the effects on the performance of OPV devices by optimizing the device structure. Regarding the inverted structure, the crystallinity of Hexyl-TIDS is decreased by adding C60. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency is increased owing to the optical interference effect over the absorption range of C60. Sixfold enhancement of the PCE is achieved due to the optical interference effects and low-crystallinity of Hexyl-TIDS film compared to the conventional structure.

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