Ablation of 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (PDK1) in Vascular Endothelial Cells Enhances Insulin Sensitivity by Reducing Visceral Fat and Suppressing Angiogenesis

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  • Kazuhito Tawaramoto
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
  • Ko Kotani
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
  • Mitsuru Hashiramoto
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
  • Yukiko Kanda
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
  • Tomoki Nagare
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
  • Hiroshi Sakaue
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
  • Wataru Ogawa
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
  • Noriaki Emoto
    Cardiovascular Medicine (N.E.), Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390;
  • Masashi Yanagisawa
    Department of Cell Biology (M.Y.)
  • Tetsuo Noda
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
  • Masato Kasuga
    Research Institute (K.M.), International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
  • Kohei Kaku
    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (K.T., K.Ko., M.H., Y.K., K.Ka.) Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells is important for systemic angiogenesis and glucose metabolism. In this study, we addressed the precise role of the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1)-regulated signaling network in endothelial cells in vivo, using vascular endothelial PDK1 knockout (VEPDK1KO) mice. Surprisingly, VEPDK1KO mice manifested enhanced glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity due to suppression of their hepatic glucose production with no change in either peripheral glucose disposal or even impaired vascular endothelial function at 6 months of age. When mice were fed a standard diet at 6 months of age and a high-fat diet at 3 months of age, hypertrophy of epididymal adipose tissues was inhibited, adiponectin mRNA was significantly increased, and mRNA of MCP1, leptin, and TNFα was decreased in the white adipose tissue of VEPDK1KO mice in comparison with controls. Consequently, both the circulating adiponectin levels and the activity of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase were significantly increased, subsequently enhancing whole-body insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure with increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation in VEPDK1KO mice. These results provide the first in vivo evidence that lowered angiogenesis through the deletion of PDK1 signaling not only interferes with the growth of adipose tissue but also induces increased energy expenditure due to amelioration of the adipocytokine profile. This demonstrates an unexpected role of PDK1 signaling in endothelial cells on the maintenance of proper glucose homeostasis through the regulation of adipocyte development.</jats:p>

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