Mildly relativistic magnetized shocks in electron–ion plasmas – II. Particle acceleration and heating

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  • Arianna Ligorini
    Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
  • Jacek Niemiec
    Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
  • Oleh Kobzar
    Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland
  • Masanori Iwamoto
    Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
  • Artem Bohdan
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
  • Martin Pohl
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
  • Yosuke Matsumoto
    Department of Physics, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
  • Takanobu Amano
    Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • Shuichi Matsukiyo
    Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
  • Masahiro Hoshino
    Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

抄録

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>Particle acceleration and heating at mildly relativistic magnetized shocks in electron–ion plasma are investigated with unprecedentedly high-resolution 2D particle-in-cell simulations that include ion-scale shock rippling. Electrons are super-adiabatically heated at the shock, and most of the energy transfer from protons to electrons takes place at or downstream of the shock. We are the first to demonstrate that shock rippling is crucial for the energization of electrons at the shock. They remain well below equipartition with the protons. The downstream electron spectra are approximately thermal with a limited supra-thermal power-law component. Our results are discussed in the context of wakefield acceleration and the modelling of electromagnetic radiation from blazar cores.</jats:p>

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