Mildly relativistic magnetized shocks in electron–ion plasmas – I. Electromagnetic shock structure

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  • Arianna Ligorini
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
  • Jacek Niemiec
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
  • Oleh Kobzar
    Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland
  • Masanori Iwamoto
    Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
  • Artem Bohdan
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
  • Martin Pohl
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
  • Yosuke Matsumoto
    Department of Physics, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
  • Takanobu Amano
    Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • Shuichi Matsukiyo
    Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
  • Yodai Esaki
    Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
  • Masahiro Hoshino
    Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>Mildly relativistic shocks in magnetized electron–ion plasmas are investigated with 2D kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of unprecedentedly high resolution and large scale for conditions that may be found at internal shocks in blazar cores. Ion-scale effects cause corrugations along the shock surface whose properties somewhat depend on the configuration of the mean perpendicular magnetic field, that is either in or out of the simulation plane. We show that the synchrotron maser instability persists to operate in mildly relativistic shocks in agreement with theoretical predictions and produces coherent emission of upstream-propagating electromagnetic waves. Shock front ripples are excited in both mean-field configurations and they engender effective wave amplification. The interaction of these waves with upstream plasma generates electrostatic wakefields.</jats:p>

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