The Crucial Role of Methodology Development in Directed Evolution of Selective Enzymes

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  • Ge Qu
    Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
  • Aitao Li
    State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Road Wuchang Wuhan 430062 China
  • Carlos G. Acevedo‐Rocha
    Biosyntia ApS 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
  • Zhoutong Sun
    Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
  • Manfred T. Reetz
    Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China

説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Directed evolution of stereo‐, regio‐, and chemoselective enzymes constitutes a unique way to generate biocatalysts for synthetically interesting transformations in organic chemistry and biotechnology. In order for this protein engineering technique to be efficient, fast, and reliable, and also of relevance to synthetic organic chemistry, methodology development was and still is necessary. Following a description of early key contributions, this review focuses on recent developments. It includes optimization of molecular biological methods for gene mutagenesis and the design of efficient strategies for their application, resulting in notable reduction of the screening effort (bottleneck of directed evolution). When aiming for laboratory evolution of selectivity and activity, second‐generation versions of Combinatorial Active‐Site Saturation Test (CAST) and Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis (ISM), both involving saturation mutagenesis (SM) at sites lining the binding pocket, have emerged as preferred approaches, aided by in silico methods such as machine learning. The recently proposed Focused Rational Iterative Site‐specific Mutagenesis (FRISM) constitutes a fusion of rational design and directed evolution. On‐chip solid‐phase chemical gene synthesis for rapid library construction enhances library quality notably by eliminating undesired amino acid bias, the future of directed evolution?</jats:p>

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