Experimental study of ultrasound retention of bubble-surrounded cells under various conditions of acoustic field and flow velocity

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We confirmed that bubble-surrounded cells (BSCs) contained in flow were retained on the walls of an artificial blood vessel by forming an acoustic field with multiple focal points using tempo-spatial division emission. In order to realize the cell delivery system, we investigated the relationship between the concentration of T-cells and brightness in the microscopic images. Next, we defined the applied acoustic intensity, derived from the sound pressure distribution of every type of acoustic field. We studied the retention performance of BSCs versus various flow velocities, number and spatial intervals of the focal points, and maximum sound pressure. From the results, the optimal acoustic field to retain the cells depends on both acoustic intensity and flow velocity, where multiple focal points with an acoustic intensity of 50–120 mW cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> were more effective than the single focal point with 180 mW cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> in the range of a flow velocity of 10–20 mm s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>.</jats:p>

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