Haemodynamic and cerebrovascular effects of intermittent lower‐leg compression as countermeasure to orthostatic stress

<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?</jats:bold></jats:p> <jats:p>Does smartly timed intermittent compression of the lower legs alter cerebral blood velocity and oxygenation during acute orthostatic challenges?</jats:p> </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?</jats:bold></jats:p> <jats:p>Intermittent compression timed to the local diastolic phase increased the blood flux through the legs and heart after two different orthostatic stress tests. Cerebral blood velocity improved during the first minute of recovery, and indices of cerebral tissue oxygenation remained elevated for 2 min. These results provide promise for the use of lower‐leg active compression as a therapeutic tool for individuals vulnerable to initial orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic stress.</jats:p> </jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Intermittent compression of the lower legs provides the possibility of improving orthostatic tolerance by actively promoting venous return and improving central haemodynamics. We tested the hypothesis that intermittent compression of 65 mmHg timed to occur only within the local diastolic phase of each cardiac cycle would attenuate the decrease in blood pressure and improve cerebral haemodynamics during the first minute of recovery from two different orthostatic stress tests. Fourteen subjects (seven female) performed four squat‐to‐stand transitions and four repeats of standing bilateral thigh‐cuff occlusion and release (TCR), with intermittent compression of the lower legs applied in half of the trials. Blood flow in the superficial femoral artery, mean arterial pressure, Doppler ultrasound cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cerebral tissue saturation index (TSI%) were monitored. With both orthostatic stress tests, there was a significant compression × time interaction for superficial femoral artery flow (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001). The hypotensive state was attenuated with intermittent compression despite decreased total peripheral resistance (squat‐to‐stand, compression × time interaction, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001; TCR, compression × time interaction, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002) as a consequence of elevated cardiac output in both tests (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001). Intermittent compression also increased MCAv (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.001) and TSI% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001) during the squat‐to‐stand transition and during TCR (MCAv and TSI%, compression × time interaction, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.001). Intermittent compression of the lower legs during quiet standing after an active orthostatic challenge augmented local, central and cerebral haemodynamics, providing potential as a therapeutic tool for individuals vulnerable to orthostatic stress.</jats:p></jats:sec>