Two‐Dimensional Velocity of the Magnetic Structure Observed on July 11, 2017 by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft

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  • Richard E. Denton
    Department of Physics and Astronomy Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
  • Roy B. Torbert
    Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA
  • Hiroshi Hasegawa
    Institute of Space and Astronautical Science JAXA Sagamihara Japan
  • Kevin J. Genestreti
    Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space Southwest Research Institute Durham NH USA
  • Roberto Manuzzo
    LPP, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique Sorbonne Université Observatoire de Paris Université Paris‐Saclay PSL Research University Paris France
  • Gerard Belmont
    LPP, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique Sorbonne Université Observatoire de Paris Université Paris‐Saclay PSL Research University Paris France
  • Laurence Rezeau
    LPP, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique Sorbonne Université Observatoire de Paris Université Paris‐Saclay PSL Research University Paris France
  • Francesco Califano
    Department of Physics E. Fermi Università di Pisa Pisa Italia
  • Rumi Nakamura
    Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria
  • Jan Egedal
    Department of Physics University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
  • Olivier Le Contel
    LPP, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique Sorbonne Université Observatoire de Paris Université Paris‐Saclay PSL Research University Paris France
  • James L. Burch
    Space Science and Engineering Division Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX USA
  • Daniel J. Gershman
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
  • Ivan Dors
    Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA
  • Matthew R. Argall
    Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA
  • Christopher T. Russell
    Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
  • Robert J. Strangeway
    Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
  • Barbara L. Giles
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In order to determine particle velocities and electric field in the frame of the magnetic structure, one first needs to determine the velocity of the magnetic structure in the frame of the spacecraft observations. Here, we demonstrate two methods to determine a two‐dimensional magnetic structure velocity for the magnetic reconnection event observed in the magnetotail by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft on July 11, 2017, Spatio‐Temporal Difference (STD) and the recently developed polynomial reconstruction method. Both of these methods use the magnetic field measurements; the reconstruction technique also uses the current density measured by the particle instrument. We find rough agreement between the results of our methods and with other velocity determinations previously published. We also explain a number of features of STD and show that the polynomial reconstruction technique is most likely to be valid within a distance of 2 spacecraft spacings from the centroid of the MMS spacecraft. Both of these methods are susceptible to contamination by magnetometer calibration errors.</jats:p>

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