Advances in Antimicrobial Microneedle Patches for Combating Infections

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  • Rezvan Jamaledin
    Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (iit@CRIB) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Naples 80125 Italy
  • Cynthia K.Y. Yiu
    Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Prince Philip Dental Hospital Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
  • Ehsan N. Zare
    School of Chemistry Damghan University Damghan 36716‐41167 Iran
  • Li‐Na Niu
    State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology Department of Prosthodontics School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710000 P. R. China
  • Raffaele Vecchione
    Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (iit@CRIB) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Naples 80125 Italy
  • Guojun Chen
    Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
  • Zhen Gu
    Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
  • Franklin R. Tay
    The Graduate School Augusta University Augusta GA 30912 USA
  • Pooyan Makvandi
    Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB) National Research Council (CNR) Naples 80125 Italy

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi are difficult to treat by conventional topical administration because of poor drug penetration across the stratum corneum. This results in low bioavailability of drugs to the infection site, as well as the lack of prolonged release. Emerging antimicrobial transdermal and ocular microneedle patches have become promising medical devices for the delivery of various antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral therapeutics. In the present review, skin anatomy and its barriers along with skin infection are discussed. Potential strategies for designing antimicrobial microneedles and their targeted therapy are outlined. Finally, biosensing microneedle patches associated with personalized drug therapy and selective toxicity toward specific microbial species are discussed.</jats:p>

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