Flowering in Crabapple Seedlings: Methods of Shortening the Juvenile Phase1

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The change from juvenile to adult phase of seedlings of tea crabapple [(<jats:italic>Malus hupenhensis</jats:italic> (Pamp.) Rehd.)] is influenced by 2 factors, the height and the age of the plants. Seedlings grown continuously in the greenhouse are unbranched and undergo phase change from juvenile to adult in 7 to 10 months at a height of approximately 2 m. Trees can be in bloom within 1 year from the time of seed germination. In contrast, seedlings grown periodically in the greenhouse or in the field are branched and produce more shoot growth but are shorter and take longer to flower. Greenhouse-grown seedlings can be brought into flower by chilling for 6 weeks or more, by withholding water until the leaves drop, or by treating the buds with cytokinins and gibberellins. Young seedlings cannot be stimulated to flower by grafting onto older seedlings although older seedlings will continue to form flower buds after grafting onto young seedlings still in the juvenile phase.</jats:p>

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