Prognostic Value of EMT Gene Signature in Malignant Mesothelioma

  • Licun Wu
    Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
  • Kosuke Yoshihara
    Institute for Research Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
  • Hana Yun
    Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
  • Saraf Karim
    Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
  • Nastaran Shokri
    Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
  • Fatemeh Zaeimi
    Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
  • H. S. Jeffrey Man
    Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
  • Amin Zia
    Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
  • Emanuela Felley-Bosco
    Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
  • Marc de Perrot
    Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada

抄録

<jats:p>Malignant mesothelioma (MESO) consists of epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid subtypes with different epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes. We previously identified a panel of four MESO EMT genes correlating with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and poor survival. In this study, we investigated the correlation between these MESO EMT genes, the immune profile, and the genomic and epigenomic alterations to identify potential therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse the EMT process. Using multiomic analysis, we observed that the MESO EMT genes were positively correlated with hypermethylation of epigenetic genes and loss of CDKN2A/B expression. MESO EMT genes such as COL5A2, ITGAV, SERPINH1, CALD1, SPARC, and ACTA2 were associated with upregulation of TGF-β signaling, hedgehog signaling, and IL-2-STAT5 signaling and downregulation of the IFN-α and IFN-γ response. Immune checkpoints such as CTLA4, CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), PDCD1 (PD-1), and TIGIT were upregulated, while LAG3, LGALS9, and VTCN1 were downregulated with the expression of MESO EMT genes. CD160, KIR2DL1, and KIR2DL3 were also broadly downregulated with the expression of MESO EMT genes. In conclusion, we observed that the expression of a panel of MESO EMT genes was associated with hypermethylation of epigenetic genes and loss of expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2B. Expression of MESO EMT genes was associated with downregulation of the type I and type II IFN response, loss of cytotoxicity and NK cell activity, and upregulation of specific immune checkpoints, as well as upregulation of the TGF-β1/TGFBR1 pathway.</jats:p>

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