Ancient Genomes Reveal the Evolutionary History and Origin of Cashmere-Producing Goats in China

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  • Yudong Cai
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Weiwei Fu
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Dawei Cai
    Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
  • Rasmus Heller
    Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • Zhuqing Zheng
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Jia Wen
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Hui Li
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Xiaolong Wang
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Akil Alshawi
    School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
  • Zhouyong Sun
    Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi’an, China
  • Siqi Zhu
    Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
  • Juan Wang
    Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou, China
  • Miaomiao Yang
    Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi’an, China
  • Songmei Hu
    Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi’an, China
  • Yan Li
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Zhirui Yang
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Mian Gong
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Yunan Hou
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Tianming Lan
    BGI-Shenzhen, Build 11, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
  • Kui Wu
    China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, China
  • Yulin Chen
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Yu Jiang
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Xihong Wang
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
  • Claudia Russo
    editor

抄録

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Goats are one of the most widespread farmed animals across the world; however, their migration route to East Asia and local evolutionary history remain poorly understood. Here, we sequenced 27 ancient Chinese goat genomes dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Iron Age. We found close genetic affinities between ancient and modern Chinese goats, demonstrating their genetic continuity. We found that Chinese goats originated from the eastern regions around the Fertile Crescent, and we estimated that the ancestors of Chinese goats diverged from this population in the Chalcolithic period. Modern Chinese goats were divided into a northern and a southern group, coinciding with the most prominent climatic division in China, and two genes related to hair follicle development, FGF5 and EDA2R, were highly divergent between these populations. We identified a likely causal de novo deletion near FGF5 in northern Chinese goats that increased to high frequency over time, whereas EDA2R harbored standing variation dating to the Neolithic. Our findings add to our understanding of the genetic composition and local evolutionary process of Chinese goats.</jats:p>

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