Nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy

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  • Yu Zhang
    Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
  • Shuibin Lin
    Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
  • Xiang‐Yang Wang
    Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia
  • Guizhi Zhu
    Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The past few decades have witnessed the booming field of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer therapeutic vaccines, either alone or in combination with other immunotherapies such as adoptive cell therapy or immune checkpoint blockade therapy, are an attractive class of cancer immunotherapeutics. However, cancer vaccines have thus far shown suboptimal efficacy in the clinic. Nanomedicines offer unique opportunities to improve the efficacy of these vaccines. A variety of nanoplatforms have been investigated to deliver molecular or cellular or subcellular vaccines to target lymphoid tissues and cells, thereby promoting the potency and durability of anti‐tumor immunity while reducing adverse side effects. In this article, we reviewed the key parameters and features of nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy; we highlighted recent advances in the development of cancer nanovaccines based on synthetic nanocarriers, biogenic nanocarriers, as well as semi‐biogenic nanocarriers; and we summarized newly emerging types of nanovaccines, such as those based on stimulator of interferon genes agonists, cancer neoantigens, mRNA vaccines, as well as artificial antigen‐presenting cells.</jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under: <jats:list list-type="simple"> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease</jats:p></jats:list-item> </jats:list> </jats:p>

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