Roseburia intestinalis: A Beneficial Gut Organism From the Discoveries in Genus and Species

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<jats:p><jats:italic>Roseburia intestinalis</jats:italic>is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, slightly curved rod-shaped flagellated bacterium that produces butyrate in the colon.<jats:italic>R. intestinalis</jats:italic>has been shown to prevent intestinal inflammation and maintain energy homeostasis by producing metabolites. Evidence shows that this bacterium contributes to various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and atherosclerosis. This review reveals the potential therapeutic role of<jats:italic>R. intestinalis</jats:italic>in human diseases. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease exhibit significant changes in<jats:italic>R. intestinalis</jats:italic>abundance, and they may benefit a lot from modulations targeting<jats:italic>R. intestinalis</jats:italic>. The data reviewed here demonstrate that<jats:italic>R. intestinalis</jats:italic>plays its role in regulating barrier homeostasis, immune cells, and cytokine release through its metabolite butyrate, flagellin and other. Recent advancements in the application of primary culture technology, culture omics, single-cell sequencing, and metabonomics technology have improved research on<jats:italic>Roseburia</jats:italic>and revealed the benefits of this bacterium in human health and disease treatment.</jats:p>

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