Psychological Resilience: An Affect-Regulation Framework

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  • Allison S. Troy
    Popular Comms Institute, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA;
  • Emily C. Willroth
    Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
  • Amanda J. Shallcross
    Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;
  • Nicole R. Giuliani
    College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA;
  • James J. Gross
    Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
  • Iris B. Mauss
    Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;

Abstract

<jats:p> Exposure to adversity (e.g., poverty, bereavement) is a robust predictor of disruptions in psychological functioning. However, people vary greatly in their responses to adversity; some experience severe long-term disruptions, others experience minimal disruptions or even improvements. We refer to the latter outcomes—faring better than expected given adversity—as psychological resilience. Understanding what processes explain resilience has critical theoretical and practical implications. Yet, psychology's understanding of resilience is incomplete, for two reasons: ( a) We lack conceptual clarity, and ( b) two major approaches to resilience—the stress and coping approach and the emotion and emotion-regulation approach—have limitations and are relatively isolated from one another. To address these two obstacles,we first discuss conceptual questions about resilience. Next, we offer an integrative affect-regulation framework that capitalizes on complementary strengths of both approaches. This framework advances our understanding of resilience by integrating existing findings, highlighting gaps in knowledge, and guiding future research. </jats:p>

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