Non-invasive determination of uric acid in human saliva in the diagnosis of serious disorders

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  • Andrea Vernerová
    The Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University , Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
  • Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
    The Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University , Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
  • Bohuslav Melichar
    The Department of Oncology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
  • František Švec
    The Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University , Hradec Králové , Czech Republic

説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This review summarizes and critically evaluates the published approaches and recent trends in sample pre-treatment, as well as both separation and non-separation techniques used for the determination of uric acid (UA) in saliva. UA is the final product of purine nucleotide catabolism in humans. UA concentrations in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine represent an important biomarker of diseases including gout, hyperuricemia, or disorders associated with oxidative stress. Previous studies reported correlation between UA concentrations detected in saliva and in the blood. The interest in UA has been increasing during the past 20 years from a single publication in 2000 to 34 papers in 2019 according to MEDLINE search using term “uric acid in saliva”. The evaluation of salivary UA levels can contribute to non-invasive diagnosis of many serious diseases. Increased salivary UA concentration is associated with cancer, HIV, gout, and hypertension. In contrast, low UA levels are associated with Alzheimer disease, progression of multiple sclerosis, and mild cognitive impairment.</jats:p>

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