A Review of Shape Memory Polymers and Composites: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

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  • Yuliang Xia
    Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) Harbin 150080 P. R. China
  • Yang He
    Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) Harbin 150080 P. R. China
  • Fenghua Zhang
    Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) Harbin 150080 P. R. China
  • Yanju Liu
    Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) Harbin 150001 P. R. China
  • Jinsong Leng
    Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) Harbin 150080 P. R. China

抄録

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Over the past decades, interest in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has persisted, and immense efforts have been dedicated to developing SMPs and their multifunctional composites. As a class of stimuli‐responsive polymers, SMPs can return to their initial shape from a programmed temporary shape under external stimuli, such as light, heat, magnetism, and electricity. The introduction of functional materials and nanostructures results in shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with large recoverable deformation, enhanced mechanical properties, and controllable remote actuation. Because of these unique features, SMPCs have a broad application prospect in many fields covering aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, shape memory arrays, and 4D printing. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of the shape recovery mechanisms, multifunctionality, applications, and recent advances in SMPs and SMPCs is presented. Specifically, the combination of functional, reversible, multiple, and controllable shape recovery processes is discussed. Further, established products from such materials are highlighted. Finally, potential directions for the future advancement of SMPs are proposed.</jats:p>

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