Efficacy and safety of sacubitril‐valsartan in heart failure: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims</jats:title><jats:p>Sacubitril‐valsartan has been shown to have superior effects over angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with heart failure (HF) and hypertension. The efficacy and safety of sacubitril‐valsartan in patients with HF are controversial. We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess and compare the effect and adverse events of sacubitril‐valsartan, valsartan, and enalapril in patients with HF.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results</jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</jats:ext-link>. Randomized controlled trials involving the use of sacubitril‐valsartan in patients with HF were included. We assessed the pooled odds ratio (OR) of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and hospitalization for HF in fixed‐effects models and the pooled risk ratio (RR) of symptomatic hypotension, worsening renal function, and hyperkalaemia in fixed‐effects models. Of the 315 identified records, six studies involving 14 959 patients were eligible for inclusion. Sacubitril‐valsartan reduced the endpoints of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in three trials with pooled ORs of 0.83 (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.0006) and 0.78 (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.0001), respectively. Regarding the composite outcome of hospitalization for HF in five trials, the pooled OR was 0.79 (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.00001). Compared with enalapril or valsartan, sacubitril‐valsartan was associated with a high risk of symptomatic hypotension (RR 1.47, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.00001), low risk of worsening renal function (RR 0.81, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.005), and low rate of serious hyperkalaemia (≥6.0 mmol/L) (RR 0.76, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.0007) in all six trials.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Compared with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, sacubitril‐valsartan significantly decreased the risk of death from all causes or cardiovascular causes in HFrEF and hospitalization for HF in both patients with HFrEF and HF with preserved ejection fraction. Sacubitril‐valsartan reduced the risk of renal dysfunction and serious hyperkalaemia but was associated with more symptomatic hypotension.</jats:p></jats:sec>